Hyponatremia (too low a sodium level in the blood) is an established and lethal complication of MDMA use. MDMA stimulates the release of ADH — the body retains water. Anyone who drinks liters of water on top of this dilutes the blood so severely that cerebral edema can develop.
Known fatal cases in the history of MDMA trace back to hyponatremia, not to direct MDMA toxicity. “Drink lots of water” is therefore wrong as a blanket safer-use tip.
Instead:
- 250–500 ml of water per hour of dancing (no more)
- With electrolytes (broth, salted water, sodium tablets)
- Breaks in a cool environment
- With headache or nausea: do not keep drinking, but sit down and observe
Clinical care: hypertonic saline infusion. In an acute emergency, 112 is the only sensible action for a layperson — self-correction with “a bit of salt” is risky in moderate to severe hyponatremia.